Main Title |
Determination of percentages of vehicles operating in the cold start mode / prepared for Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Waste Management, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. |
Author |
Midurski, Theodore P. ;
Castaline, Alan H.
|
Other Authors |
|
CORP Author |
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.;Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. |
Publisher |
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards ; National Technical Information Service [distributor], |
Year Published |
1977 |
Report Number |
EPA-450/3-77-023; GCA-TR-77-19-G; EPA-68-02-1376 |
Stock Number |
PB-288 860 |
OCLC Number |
08265435 |
Subjects |
Automobiles--Cold weather operation ;
Automobiles--Motors--Exhaust gas
|
Additional Subjects |
Air pollution ;
Exhaust emissions ;
Hydrocarbons ;
Carbon monoxide ;
Data analysis ;
Tests ;
Sites ;
Concentration(Composition) ;
Light duty vehicles ;
Cold mode operation ;
Air fuel ratio ;
Federal test procedure
|
Internet Access |
|
Holdings |
Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last Modified |
Checkout Status |
EKBD |
EPA-450/3-77-023 |
|
Research Triangle Park Library/RTP, NC |
09/10/1999 |
ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 450-3-77-023 |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
ESAD |
EPA 450-3-77-023 |
|
Region 10 Library/Seattle,WA |
03/23/2010 |
NTIS |
PB-288 860 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
Collation |
xiii, 99 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. |
Abstract |
Estimates of the percentages of vehicles operating in less than the stabilized condition (i.e., cold mode) have been made for 60 locations in the Pittsburgh and Providence regions. These estimates were derived using detailed regional travel data for both regions. Accurate knowledge of the percentages of vehicles operating in the cold mode at a particular study location is a key factor in estimating carbon monoxide emissions. That carbon monoxide emission rates are severely affected by operation in the prestabilized condition has been well documented through numerous laboratory studies. While these laboratory studies have served to characterize carbon monoxide emissions from cold operating vehicles with respect to variables such as ambient temperatures and cold soak duration, the study being reported here examines specific traffic streams to identify the actual percentages of vehicles that are operating in the cold mode. Cold start percentages are presented for the morning commuter hours, the mid-day period, the evening commuter hours, and the evening and early morning off-peak period for each of the 60 traffic streams analyzed. Results indicate that the percentage of cold operating vehicles is highly variable both among locations within an urban area, and during different time periods at any specific location. It is also indicated that the actual percentages of vehicles operating in the cold mode may be somewhat different from the percentages assumed in the Federal Test Procedure. |
Notes |
"GCA Corporation, GCA Technology Division." "August 1977." Includes bibliographical references. "Contract no. 68-02-1376, task order 29." "EPA-450/3-77-023." |