Abstract |
A phosphate precipitation process has been shown to be effective in selectively removing metals from metal finishing sludge materials. Research also indicates that sodium smectite clays, an abundant natural material, can be modified in structure so that they have excellent adsorptive properties for removing compounds like benzene, trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol from aqueous solutions. The separation of dilute hazardous organics utilizing thin-film, composite, aromatic polyamide membranes also appears to be advantageous in terms of high solute separation at low pressures (1-2 MPa) and broad pH operating ranges (pH 2-12). |