Main Title |
Optimization of ammonia removal by ion exchange using clinoptilolite / |
Author |
Koon, John H.,
|
Other Authors |
|
CORP Author |
University of California, Berkeley. Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory. |
Publisher |
United States Environmental Protection Agency, |
Year Published |
1972 |
Report Number |
W7213254; EPA17080-DAR-09 /71; EPA 620-R-71-007 |
OCLC Number |
00402904 |
Subjects |
Sewage--Purification--Ion exchange process ;
Clinoptilolite ;
Ammonia
|
Internet Access |
|
Holdings |
Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last Modified |
Checkout Status |
EJBD |
EPA 620-R-71-007 |
|
Headquarters Library/Washington,DC |
02/10/2014 |
ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 620-R-71-007 |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
ELBD |
EPA 17080-DAR-09-71 |
|
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
11/04/2011 |
|
Collation |
ix, 189 pages : illustrations, figures, tables ; 28 cm. |
Notes |
"September 1971." Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-146). |
Contents Notes |
The zeolite ion exchanger clinoptilolite was investigated with the objective of optimizing its application to ammonia removal from wastewaters. The study included multiple cycle pilot plant operations at three municipal sewage treatment plants. Particular attention was given to cation interference with exhaustion performance and with minimum cost regeneration. The ammonia capacity of clinoptilolite was found to be nearly constant over the pH range of 4 to 8, but diminished rapidly outside this range. In regeneration the pH was critical in determining the NaCl requirements, a higher pH favoring lesser amounts of salt. However, at a pH over 12.5 zeolite attrition became excessive and exchanger makeup contributed significantly to operating costs. An average ammonia removal of 95.7% was obtained in demonstration studies on three municipal wastes have an NHb3sN content of about 20 mg/Á. The cost of ammonia removal using clinoptilolite for a 10-mgd plant operating under these conditions was estimated to be $0.082/1000 gal. Ammonia removal down to less than 0.5 mg/Á NHb3sN is technically feasible, but only with shorter exhaustion runs and greater regenerant requirements. |