Abstract |
Methods of probability sampling provide a rigorous protocol by which scientifically reliable information on environmental issues may be obtained. The authors review fundamentals of probability sampling from the perspective of monitoring environmental resources. They first describe basic concepts and definitions of sampling, such as the sampling universe, population, and design-based inference. As the natural, general-estimator for probability sampling designs, the Horvitz-Thompson estimator provides the basis of a coherent strategy of consistent estimation. Rather than repeat descriptions of basic sampling designs available in many texts, they discuss practical implications of a few standard designs useful in environmental sampling. Topics in spatial sampling and monitoring over time are discussed, as are the role and implications of analytic uses of surveys. (Copyright (c) 1994 Elsevier Science B. V.) |