The report gives results of collecting and evaluating available information on the chemistry and behavior of trace elements in coal preparation wastes, and assessing the potential for environmental contamination from the trace elements in these wastes. Only limited attention has been given previously to the chemistry of trace elements in coal waste materials; however, most of the knowledge concerning trace elements and minerals in raw coals can be applied directly to coal wastes. Nearly every naturally occurring element is likely to be present in coal and coal refuse. The fate of these elements during coal preparation is poorly defined; but, large concentrations of trace elements are discarded in the washing refuse. Although the behavior of trace elements during refuse weathering, leaching, and burning is not well understood, sufficient data exists to show that toxic or harmful quantities of elements (e.g., Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn) are often released to the environment. A comprehensive assessment of the full potential for environmental contamination from the trace elements in these wastes cannot be made without further extensive research.

Prepared by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory under EPA/ERDA Interagency Agreement No. IAG-D5-E681, Program Element No. EHB527 for U.S. EPA and U.S. ERDA, Office of Assistant Administrator for Environment and Safety. Issued Aug. 1976. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-60).