| Contents Notes |
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO KARST: Origin and meaning of the term karst -- Types of karst -- The karstification process -- Role of tectonics in the process of karstification -- Depth of karstification -- Karst porosity -- Basic geomorphological features -- Karst springs -- Ponors (Swallowholes) -- Estavelles -- Submarine springs -- Subsidence and collapse -- GROUNDWATER IN KARST: Basic theories on karst groundwater circulation -- Karst aquifer -- Evolution of karst aquifers -- Fluctuation of the water table -- Average velocity of water flow in karst -- UNDERGROUND WATER TAPPING: General approach -- Examples -- Tapping galleries -- Tapping of water intrusion under pressure -- DAMS AND RESERVOIRS: INHERENT RISK: Geological predisposition to risk -- Risk types -- Time as a risk component -- Risk of an ecological nature -- Induced seismicity -- Risk reduction strategy -- Acceptance of risk -- DAMS AND RESERVOIRS: PREVENTION AND REMEDIATION: Data needed for grout curtain design -- Water pressure test: Lugeon Test -- Grout curtain position -- Grouting criteria -- Grouting depth -- Grouting pressure -- Hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic jacking -- Grouting procedure -- Karstified rock flushing for grouting -- Concentrated leakage impermeabilization -- Case studies of dams and reservoirs: watertightness, failures, and rehabilitation -- Dam and reservoir construction on conglomerate, gypsum, and anhydrite -- UNDERGROUND DAMS AND RESERVOIRS: General underground reservoir classification -- Basic features of artificial underground storage -- Possible concepts of watertight structures -- Advantages and shortcomings of underground storage and dam’s -- Examples and projects -- Some unfavorable consequences of underground storage -- Rock instability and local seismic activity -- KARST SPRING SUBMERGENCE: Trebisnjica Spring submergence -- Dumanli Spring submergence -- Neraidha Spring submergence -- Pivsko Oko (Sinjac) Spring submergence -- Rama Spring submergence -- Yarg Spring submergence -- TUNNELING IN KARST: COMMON PROBLEMS: Nature of problems -- Investigation needs -- Defects and remediations -- Tunnel-boring machines in karst -- Relocation of tunnel route -- Tunneling beneath groundwater level -- Role of hydrogeology in tunnel construction planning -- Plugging of massive inflows under pressure into the tunnel -- PROPOSED CRITERIA FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONING IN KARST REGIONS: Actual zoning concept applied in nonkarstic areas -- Basic hydrogeological parameters for zoning criteria in karst -- Criteria for zoning -- Restrictions in protection zones -- Particulars of zoning procedures in karst -- Water quality monitoring -- Protection planing -- Case study: groundwater protection zones in- highly developed karst (Dubrovnik Area) -- GROUNDWATER TRACING TECHNIQUES: Dye Tracers -- Common salt -- Radioactive isotopes -- Postactivated isotopes -- Smoke and gaseous tracers -- APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN KARST: Geoelectrical methods -- Geophysical logging of boreholes -- Geothermal effects as a consequence of water circulation through the karst conduits -- Borehole radar method -- Electromagnetic VLF method -- Geo-bomb method. "Water Resources Engineering in Karst is an engineering guide for the design and construction of water infrastructure projects within karst formations and protection systems for karstified reservoirs, aquifers, steams, and springs. It includes investigative techniques, practical design solutions, case studies with failure analysis, criteria proposals for karst groundwater protection zoning, and a comprehensive review of the unique hydrogeological dynamics of karst formations. Most importantly, it provides engineering approaches for preventing and mitigating environmental problems common in karst regions." "The author presents a wealth of data collected during his role as an investigating and designing hydrogeologist on karst projects. He provides engineers, hydrologists, and geologists with a detailed understanding of characteristics and vulnerabilities of these formations, and the challenges involved in engineering and construction in karst regions around the world."--Jacket. |
