Information relating to the technology and costs of nutrient removal is scattered and limited. A broad recapitulation of current primary, secondary, and tertiary processes for phosphorus control is presented. An extensive review of the literature is carried out to establish the range and costs of removal possibilities. Alternative phosphorus removal decisions are subsequently developed for existing facilities in the Wisconsin portion of the Lake Michigan drainage basin. The alternative removal choices serve as input into a least-cost, efficiency model of phosphorus removal policies developed in a separate study. (Author)