Introduction -- Anti-semitism is brought to the Middle East -- The state of Israel is created -- Anti-semitism on Middle East television -- The Pew Research Center report : opinions of Jews -- Discussing Israel -- Mixing terms : Jewish and Israeli -- Should people worry? Today, parts of the world are experiencing a dramatic resurgence of anti-Semitism--from hate propaganda to vandalism to attacks on Jews themselves. Reports from research groups indicate a major increase in anti-Semitic incidents since the year 2000, with the worldwide annual average number of major violent incidents nearly doubling from 1990s levels. It is particularly severe in Western Europe, where research shows that since the year 2000, Muslim and Arab youths were increasingly responsbile for attacks against Jews and Jewish properties. Meanwhile outside of Europe, in more and more Arab and Islamic communities around the world, there is an alarming increase in anti-Semitic rhetoric in the political and public arenas, espceially in the mainstream media. What is fueling the rise in anti-Semitism in the Islamc and Arab worlds today? What real threats does it pose? And how can history help us better understand what is happening?