We sought to determine whether the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has collected and used workload data to determine its workforce size, and whether there are workload models that EPA could use or benefit from when trying to determine workforce size. During the 1980s, EPA conducted comprehensive workload analyses to determine appropriate workforce levels. Around the early 1990s, EPA discontinued these analyses and, since then, it has adjusted the size of its workforce via incremental shifts. The U.S. Government Accountability Office and the EPA Office of Inspector General have reported on the importance of basing workforce levels on workload.