This study was undertaken to assess the environmental effects of coal mining and reclamation techniques employed in Kentucky and West Virginia mountaintop removal and head-of-hollow fill construction. Phase III results are reported in this document. Phase III work consisted of a detailed environmental assessment conducted at two surface coal mine sites in Kentucky and West Virginia, including study of rainfall/runoff relationships, water quality, stream benthic macroinvertebrate community, and terrestrial vegetation. Also included was an introductory investigation into head-of-hollow fill stability and a study of fugitive dust emissions generated by Appalachian coal mines.