Record Display for the EPA National Library Catalog
RECORD NUMBER: 6 OF 14| Main Title | Inventory of constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment in the U.S. / | |||||||||||
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| Author | Brown, Donald S. ; Reed, S. C. | |||||||||||
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| CORP Author | Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development. | |||||||||||
| Publisher | Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, | |||||||||||
| Year Published | 1991 | |||||||||||
| Report Number | EPA/600/D-91/087 | |||||||||||
| Stock Number | PB91-191247 | |||||||||||
| Subjects | Constructed wetlands | |||||||||||
| Additional Subjects | Sewage treatment ; Wetlands ; Structural engineering ; Waste water ; United States ; Operating ; Performance evaluation ; Cost analysis ; Construction costs ; Design criteria ; Biochemical oxygen demand ; Sediments | |||||||||||
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| Collation | 9 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm | |||||||||||
| Abstract | The U.S. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is conducting an inventory of constructed wetlands (CW) for muncipal wastewater treatment in the U.S. The inventory is one part of an effort to gather better data on which to base CW design. The inventory is being conducted in two phases; the paper presents data from the first phase. A total of 143 communities were identified as either considering or using CW. Of this total, 31 operating free water surface (FWS) and 26 operating subsurface flow (SF) systems were found. Systems range in size from 200 to 76,000 cu m/d (0.05 to 20 mgd) for FWS and from 5 to 11,400 cu m/d (0.001 to 3.0 mgd) for SF. Design approaches and performance goals vary widely; as a result hydraulic loading rates and costs vary widely. Limited flow data show hydraulic surface area loading rates range from 4 to 530 L/sq m/d (230 to 1.8 ac/mgd) for FWS systems and from 30 to 410 L/sq m/d (31 to 2.3 ac/mgd) for SF systems. Limited cost data show construction costs range from $16 to $770 per cu m/d ($0.06 to $2.90 per gpd) for FWS systems and from $60 to $790 per cu m/d ($0.23 to $3.00 per gpd) for SF systems. Because of the limited data, all of these figures should be viewed with caution. |
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| Notes | "Contract No. 68-03-3429." Microfiche. |
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| Contents Notes | EPA/600/D-91/087. |