In The Esri Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 1, author Andy Mitchell showed how the creation and visual study of maps could be used to analyze spatial relationships between things that happen or exist in the world and their relative locations. But when the phenomena under study become complex, and the datasets huge, visual analysis alone tells only part of the story. In the Esri Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2: Spatial Measurements and Statistics, Mitchell takes us deeper, showing how an emerging set of tools that rely on spatial statistics provides GIS users the capability to conduct detailed, mathematical analysis of geographic information. This second volume introduces statistical tools, geared specifically for geographic analysis, that are relatively new to GIS software packages and thus to most GIS users. It shows the tools in use in many different applications, explains which tools are best with which situations, and provides guidance on interpreting the results you get. The Esri Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2: Spatial Measurements and Statistics focuses on four fundamental tasks of statistical analysis: Calculating the center, dispersion, and trend; Identifying patterns; Identifying clusters; Analyzing geographic relationships.