This study investigates the spreading and dissolution behavior of small oil slicks formed from spills of 12 oils. The increases in area covered by the oils during spreading experiments were determined using photographic techniques. Spreading equations were derived and used to correlate experimental data. Derivation of the equations parallels Fay's development. The rate of dissolution of the oils in tap water at 25C were investigated by equilibrating oils with water in open static tests. Limits of solubilities have been established for the oils from results of long-term equilibration in closed vessels. Six oils were also equilibrated with salt water. A segmented mathematical model has been derived and used to correlate experimental data. The model describes two processes that occur during equilibration: soluble and volatile components of oil leach into solution initially, and later evaporate from solution. Finally, a detailed description of the mass transfer process occurring during chemical dispersion of oil spills has been made. The primary mechanisms have been quantified by analogy to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and detergency. To evaluate the effectiveness of five commercial dispersants, a large-scale laboratory system has been designed. Parameters investigated include oil and dispersant types, oil-to-dispersant ratios, degree of agitation, and the effect of salt water.

Project officer: Leo T. McCarthy, Jr. Grant no. R805901. Photocopy.