Idea of the Handbook -- The Emergence of Transdisciplinarity as a Form of Research -- Problem Identification and Problem Structuring -- From Local Projects in the Alps to Global Change Programmes in the Mountains of the World: Milestones in Transdisciplinary Research -- Sustainable River Basin Management in Kenya: Balancing Needs and Requirements -- Designing the Urban: Linking Physiology and Morphology -- CITY:mobil: A Model for Integration in Sustainability Research -- Shepherds, Sheep and Forest Fires: A Reconception of Grazingland Management -- Fischnetz: Involving Anglers, Authorities, Scientists and the Chemical Industry to Understand Declining Fish Yields -- Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Bridging Gaps Through Constructive Technology Assessment -- Chimeras and Other Human-Animal Mixtures in Relation to the Swiss Constitution: A Case for Regulatory Action -- Problem Analysis -- The Development of Multilateral Environmental Agreements on Toxic Chemicals: Integrating the Work of Scientists and Policy Makers -- Climate Protection vs. Economic Growth as a False Trade Off Restructuring Global Warming Mitigation -- Policy Analysis and Design in Local Public Management A System Dynamics Approach -- Constructing Regional Development Strategies A Case Study Approach for Integrated Planning and Synthesis -- Evaluating Landscape Governance A Tool for Legal-Ecological Assessments -- Children and Divorce Investigating Current Legal Practices and their Impact on Family Transitions -- Bringing Results to Fruition -- Towards Integrated and Adapted Health Services for Nomadic Pastoralists and their Animals: A North-South Partnership -- Sustainable Prevention of Water Associated Infection Risks: An Awareness Campaign Using Visual Media -- Behavioural Sciences in the Health Field: Integrating Natural and Social Sciences -- Sustainable Coexistence of Ungulates and Trees: A Stakeholder Platform for Resource Use Negotiations -- Retrofitting Postwar Suburbs: A Collaborative Design Process -- Cross-cutting Issues -- Participation -- Values and Uncertainties -- Learning from Case Studies -- Management -- Education -- Integration -- Summary and Outlook -- Core Terms in Transdisciplinary Research -- Enhancing Transdisciplinary Research: A Synthesis in Fifteen Propositions. Transdisciplinary research (TR) is an emerging field of research in the knowledge society. It relates science and policy in addressing issues such as: global and local environmental concerns migration new technologies public health socio-cultural change This handbook provides, for the first time, a structured overview of the manifold experiences gained in these fields. Twenty-one projects from all over the world present their research approaches, structured along the three phases of a TR project: problem structuring problem investigation bringing results to fruition Referring to these projects, cross-cutting challenges of TR are discussed, such as: integration participation values and uncertainties learning from case studies management education A systematic positioning of transdisciplinary research in the development of sciences and humanities, and 15 propositions for enhancing transdisciplinary research situate the contributions in a larger, systematised context. The handbook gives researchers and students an overview of the state of the art in transdisciplinary research. Audience Written for students, researchers, and project managers who are planning or are involved in problem-driven, transdisciplinary projects, or are working on the interface of science, society and politics.