Various techniques of social system research were combined with simulation modeling of water quality decision-making in the State of California. Focus of the study was on the description of the informal interactions which actually govern decision-making, particularly in regards to regional-state interaction. Time-based behavior, and feedbacks between the social and technical sectord, are taken as important parameters governing overall system behavior. The conflict between long-term and short-term objectives is examined. A behavioral exercise, involving role-playing techniques conducted with members of the California regional water quality control boards, is described in detail. Conclusions are drawn relating to long-term environmental management, and with respect to the nature and ethics of conducting social system research in environmental management. A model environmental management system, incorporating an institutionalization of the adversary process, is presented. (Author)