Process modification offers high potential for reducing the risks associated with the production and utilization of chemical substances. With the development of a new chemical substance, opportunities exist in the development cycle to consider process alternatives with the potential for reducing the risks. A wider variety of alternatives than those discussed here are available to industry for minimizing the human and environmental risks associated with the commercialization of a new chemical. These alternatives should be sought out and thoroughly considered by industry during the development of the new chemical rather than during risk assessment activities by a government agency where only a limited set of options are available for reducing risks.