Although radioactivity has been known since 1896 when Bequerel first observed the phenomenon by its effect on photographic plate, it has been of little concern or interest to the sanitary engineering profession until recent times -- during the last decade in particular. Our interest and concern stems from the fact that large quantities of radioactive materials are produced during fission of certain naturally occurring heavy radioactive materials in nuclear reactors or piles. The report presents a discussion and recommendations for the decontamination of water from radioactive contaminants. (Author Modified Abstract)