The purpose of this EPA design manual is to provide updated, state-of-the-technology design guidance on nitrogen and phosphorus control at municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Similar to previous EPA manuals, this manual contains extensive information on the principles of biological nutrient removal and chemical phosphorus removal to serve as the basis for design. A detailed description of technologies, both conventional and emerging, serves as a resource for preliminary technology selection. Because most WWTPs in the United States are equipped with secondary treatment, the focus of this design manual is on retrofits to add nutrient removal to existing WWTPs rather than on new treatment plant design, although guidance for greenfield design is presented. Also new from previous versions, design guidance herein is based on the use of mathematical models and simulators. Simulators allow designers to study kinetic- as well as time-based solutions while determining the total mass balances of many constituents. They have become increasingly powerful, easy to use, and widely accepted for the design of biological nutrient removal facilities. The manual also includes new information on emerging issues in the industry such as sustainability in wastewater treatment design and operation, nutrient recovery and reuse, effluent dissolved organic nitrogen, and measurement of low phosphorus concentrations.

"August 2010." "EPA/600-R-10/100." "Scientific. technical, research, engineering, and modeling support (STREAMS)." "Contract no. EP-C-05-058. "Task Order 68." Includes bibliographical references (pages C-11-C-13). Printout made from PDF file located at: http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r10100/600r10100.pdf.