The report assesses the economic impact of estimated costs for water pollution controls on the cement industry. The analysis is based on a segmentation of cement plants by the alternative controls required to achieve essentially pollutant-free effluent discharges by 1977 or 1983, and on the financial ability of companies with polluting plants to meet the proposed standards. The conclusions reached, based on the data available, are that the imposition of pollution controls may strain the internal financial resources of some companies and will probably result in very limited increases in cement prices, but will not lead to plant shut-downs or increases in unemployment provided the demand for cement continues at present levels.