Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neurone Disease) -- Biomarkers and their applications to toxicology and toxicogenomics -- Biomarkers for Depression -- Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Current Concerns and Future Prospects -- Biomarkers in Urine and Use of Creatinine -- Biomarkers of Graft-Versus-Host Disease -- Biomarkers of Menopause -- Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease -- Biomarkers of Vector Bites -- Biomarkers of the menopause.- Chronic Heart Failure and Serum Collagen -- FABP3 as biomarkers -- Fetal Membrane Biomarkers.- Flow Cytometry as Platform for Biomarker Evaluation -- Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) sections for biomarker discovery -- Glycomics as biomarkers -- Inflammasome Proteins as Biomarkers of Injury and Disease -- Isoprostanes as biomarkers of disease and early biological effect.-Mass spectrometry for biomarker discovery -- Micro RNA as Biomarker for Brain Injury -- MIP-1alpha as biomarker -- Natriuretic Peptides for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Heart Failure -- OMICS-based approaches to biomarker discovery and challenges of subsequent validation -- Pediatric biomarkers after cardac surgery -- Pentraxin 3 as Biomarker -- Pfetin: Novel prognostic biomarker -- Plasma galectin-3 as biomarker -- S100B as a Biomarker -- Salivary amylase as a stress biomarker -- Seasonal allergic rhinitis and systems biology-oriented biomarker discovery -- Serum Heat Shock Proteins as Novel Biomarker for Heart Failure -- Urinary Biomarkers of Environmental Health: Jet Fuel -- YKL-40 as Biomarker: Focus on Cardiovascular Disease. In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.