Learning and Memory -- Animal Models of Anxiety -- Genetic Alterations of the Murine Serotonergic Gene Pathway: The Neurodevelopmental Basis of Anxiety -- Mutagenesis and Knockout Models: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System -- Mutagenesis and Knockout Models: NK1 and Substance P -- Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders -- Interactions Between Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Serotonin: Implications for the Aetiology and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders -- Anxiety Disorders: Noradrenergic Neurotransmission -- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology of GABAA Receptors -- Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmission -- Neurobiology and Treatment of Anxiety: Signal Transduction and Neural Plasticity -- Neuropeptides in Anxiety Modulation -- Neuroendocrine Aspects of PTSD -- Anxiety Disorders: Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology -- Transcultural Issues -- Challenge Studies in Anxiety Disorders -- Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety -- New Pharmacological Treatment Approaches for Anxiety Disorders -- Pharmacogenomics -- Pharmacoproteomics. The present volume gives a comprehensive overview on the current state of basic and clinical research on Anxiety and Anxiolytic Drugs. Using newly developed methods and techniques researchers are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms of anxiety, anxiety disorders and their treatment. In parallel, new drug targets have been generated and the first clinical studies with new compounds have been started. In 20 chapters written by numerous experts in the field comprehensive information on all relevant topics is provided.