Section 3001(b) (2) (A) of the 1980 Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) temporarily exempted several types of solid waste from regulation under the Federal hazardous waste control program. The volume covers the oil and gas industry. The report was designed to respond specifically to each of the study factors that are listed in the various paragraphs of Section 8002(m) of RCRA. Each study factor is addressed in separate chapters or sections of chapters. Following the design, the volume includes: (1) a description of the oil and gas industry; (2) definition of exempt waste, including the scope of the exemption; (3) waste volume estimates for drilling fluids and produced waters; (4) characterization of waste; (5) descriptions of current and alternative waste management practices; (6) descriptions of damage cases from oil and gas extraction; (7) a risk assessment of waste management practices; (8) costs and economic impacts of alternative waste management practices; (9) descriptions of current State and Federal programs applicable to oil and gas extraction; (10) conclusions and recommendations; and (11) bibliographies by chapter of references.