"PEN 3 July 2006" Includes bibliographical references.

Setting the scene -- A reason for caution -- Rethinking exposure and toxicity -- New risks require new research -- Why nanotech boosters should fear a dearth of risk research -- Nanotechnology research and development in the U.S. -- A short history of the National Nanotechnology Initiative -- Environmental safety and health research within the National Nanotechnology Initiative -- Current federal government investment in ES&H research -- Connecting research activities with research needs -- Developing a strategic nanotechnology risk research framework -- An immediate short-term research strategy is needed -- Identifying and prioritizing research needs -- Nanotech environment, safety and health research needs -- Prioritizing research -- Overarching objectives for prioritization -- Prioritizing research: a ten-year perspective -- Short-term research priorities -- Implementing a strategic research framework -- Responsibility for a strategic research framework -- Components of a government-led strategic research framework -- What might a short-term strategic research plan look like? -- Summary -- Recommendations.