| Contents Notes |
1. Introduction -- 2. Electromagnetic Waves and Propagation -- 2.1. Waves -- 2.2. Propagation Paths -- 3. Radar and Its Environment -- 3.1. The Doppler Radar (Transmitting Aspects) -- 3.2. The Scattering Cross Section -- 3.3. Attenuation -- 3.4. The Doppler Radar (Receiving Aspects) -- 3.5. Practical Considerations -- 3.6. Ambiguities -- 4. Weather Signals -- 4.1. Weather Signal Samples -- 4.2. The Power Sample -- 4.3. Signal Statistics -- 4.4. The Weather Radar Equation -- 4.5. Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Distributed Scatterers -- 4.6. Correlation of Samples along Range Time -- 5. Doppler Spectra of Weather Signals -- 5.1. Spectral Analysis of Weather Signals -- 5.2. Weather Signal Spectrum and Its Relation to Reflectivity and Radial Velocity Fields -- 5.3. Velocity Spectrum Width -- 6. Weather Signal Processing -- 6.1. Spectral Moments -- 6.2. Weather Signals in a Receiver -- 6.3. Signal Power Estimation -- 6.4. Mean Frequency Estimators -- 6.5. Estimators of the Spectrum Width -- 6.6. Minimum Variance Bounds -- 6.7. Performance on Data -- 6.8. Signal Processing for Coherent Polarimetric Radar -- 7. Considerations in the Observation of Weather -- 7.1. Range Ambiguities -- 7.2. Velocity Ambiguities -- 7.3. Signal Coherency -- 7.4. Techniques to Mitigate the Effects of Ambiguities -- 7.5. Methods to Decrease the Acquisition Time -- 7.6. Pulse Compression -- 7.7. Artifacts -- 7.8. Effective Pattern of a Scanning Radar -- 7.9. Antenna Sidelobes -- 7.10. Clutter -- 8. Precipitation Measurements -- 8.1. Drop Size Distributions -- 8.2. Terminal Velocities -- 8.3. Rainfall Rate, Reflectivity, and Liquid Water Content -- 8.4. Single-Parameter Measurement of Precipitation -- 8.5. Multiple-Parameter Measurements of Precipitation -- 8.6. Distribution of Hydrometeors from Doppler Spectra -- 9. Observations of Winds, Storms, and Related Phenomena -- 9.1. Thunderstorm Structure -- 9.2. Wind Measurement with Two Doppler Radars -- 9.3. Wind Measurement with One Doppler Radar -- 9.4. Severe Storms -- 9.5. Mesocyclones and Tornadoes -- 9.6. Downdrafts and Outflows -- 9.7. Buoyancy Waves -- 9.8. Large Weather Systems -- 9.9. Lightning -- 10. Measurements of Turbulence -- 10.1. Statistical Theory of Turbulence -- 10.2. Spatial Spectra of Point and Average Velocities -- 10.3. Doppler Spectrum Width and Eddy Dissipation Rate -- 10.4. Doppler Spectrum Width in Severe Thunderstorms -- 11. Observations of Fair Weather -- 11.1. Reflection, Refraction, and Scatter: Coherence -- 11.2. Formulation of the Wave Equation for Inhomogeneous and Turbulent Media -- 11.3. Solution for Fields Scattered by Irregularities -- 11.4. Small Volume Scatter -- 11.5. Common Volume Scatter -- 11.6. Characteristics of Refractive Index Irregularities -- 11.7. Observations of Clear-Air Reflectivity -- 11.8. Observations of Wind, Waves, and Turbulence in Clear Air -- 11.9. Other Fair-Weather Observations -- Appendix A Geometric Relations for Rays in the Troposphere -- A.1. Integral Solution for Ray Path in a Spherically Stratified Medium -- A.2. Relating a Scatterer's Apparent Range and Elevation Angle to Its True Height and Great Circle Distance -- Appendix B Correlation between Signal Samples as a Function of Sample Time -- Appendix C Correlation of Echoes from Spaced Resolution Volumes -- C.1. Signal Sample Correlation versus Range Difference [actual symbol not reproducible] -- C.2. Correlation of Signals from Azimuthally Spaced Resolution Volumes -- Appendix D Geometric Optics Approximation to the Wave Equation -- Appendix E Derivation of Green's Function. Reviews the principles of Doppler radar and emphasizes the quantitative measurement of meteorological parameters. This new edition includes polarimetric measurements and data processing, RASS, wind profilers, observations with the WSR-88D and turbulence in the planetary boundary layer. |
