Mapping Protein Folding Landscapes by NMR Relaxation -- Experimental and Simulation Studies of the Folding/Unfolding of Goat ?-Lactalbumin -- Transition in the Higher-order Structure of DNA in Aqueous Solution -- Generalized-Ensemble Algorithms for Studying Protein Folding -- Protein Folding and Binding: Effective Potentials, Replica Exchange Simulations, and Network Models -- Functional Unfolded Proteins: How, When, Where, and Why? -- Structure of the Photointermediate of Photoactive Yellow Protein and the Propagation Mechanism of Structural Change -- Time-Resolved Detection of Intermolecular Interaction of Photosensor Proteins -- Volumetric Properties of Proteins and the Role of Solvent in Conformational Dynamics -- A Statistical Mechanics Theory of Molecular Recognition -- Computational Studies of Protein Dynamics -- Biological Functions of Trehalose as a Substitute for Water -- Protein Misfolding Diseases and the Key Role Played by the Interactions of Polypeptides with Water -- Effect of UV Light on Amyloidogenic Proteins: Nucleation and Fibril Extension -- Real-Time Observation of Amyloid Fibril Growth by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. Life is produced by the interplay of water and biomolecules. This book deals with the physicochemical aspects of such life phenomena produced by water and biomolecules, and addresses topics including "Protein Dynamics and Functions", "Protein and DNA Folding", and "Protein Amyloidosis". All sections have been written by internationally recognized front-line researchers. The idea for this book was born at the 5th International Symposium "Water and Biomolecules", held in Nara city, Japan, in 2008.