| Contents Notes |
1. Introduction -- Early examples of groundwater exploitation -- History of hydrogeology -- The water cycle -- Groundwater as a natural resource -- Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United Kingdom -- European Union Water Framework Directive -- Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United States -- Groundwater resources in developing countries -- 2. Physical hydrogeology -- Porosity -- Hydraulic conductivity -- Isotropy and homogeneity -- Aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes -- Darcy's Law -- Hydraulic properties of fractured rocks -- Karst aquifer properties -- Groundwater potential and hydraulic head -- Groundwater flow direction -- Water table and potentiometric surface maps -- Groundwater conditions -- Confined aquifers -- Unconfined aquifers -- Equations of groundwater flow -- One-dimensional groundwater flow problems -- Classification of springs and intermittent streams -- Transboundary aquifer systems -- Submarine groundwater discharge -- Groundwater resources of the world -- Hydrogeological environments of the United Kingdom -- Sedimentary rocks -- Metamorphic rocks -- Igneous rocks -- 3. Geological processes driving fluid flow -- Topography-driven flow -- Compaction-driven fluid flow -- Variable-density driven fluid flow -- Fluctuating sea-level and its impact on the distribution of groundwater salinity in coastal areas -- Brines in continental aquifers -- Mountain building and erosion -- Impact of glaciations on regional hydrogeology -- Coupling and relative importance of processes driving fluid flow -- 4. Chemical hydrogeology -- Properties of water -- Chemical composition of groundwater -- Hydrochemical evolution of groundwater -- Groundwater sampling and graphical presentation of hydrochemical data -- Concept of chemical equilibrium -- Carbonate chemistry of groundwater -- Adsorption and ion exchange -- Redox chemistry -- Groundwater in crystalline rocks -- 5. Environmental isotope hydrogeology -- Stable isotope chemistry and nomenclature -- Stable isotopes of water -- Age dating of groundwater -- Law of radioactive decay -- C14 dating -- Cl36 dating -- Tritium dating -- H3/He3 dating -- Noble gases. 6. Groundwater and catchment processes -- Water balance equation -- Precipitation and evapotranspiration -- Soil water and infiltration -- Recharge estimation -- Borehole hydrograph -- Soil moisture budget -- Chloride budget -- Temperature profile -- Stream gauging techniques -- Velocity area methods -- Surface floats -- Current metering -- Acoustic Doppler current profiler -- Dilution gauging -- Ultrasonic, electromagnetic and integrating float methods -- Slope-area method -- Weirs and flumes -- Hydrograph analysis -- Quickflow and baseflow separation -- Unit hydrograph theory -- Surface water, groundwater interaction -- Temperature-based methods of detection -- Simulating river flow depletion -- Analytical solutions -- Catchment resource modeling -- 7. Groundwater investigation techniques -- Measurement and interpretation of groundwater level data -- Water level measurement -- Well and borehole design and construction methods -- Groundwater level contour maps -- Field estimation of aquifer properties -- Piezometer tests -- Pumping tests -- Thiem equilibrium method -- Theis non-equilibrium method -- Cooper-Jacob straight-line method -- Recovery test method -- Principle of superposition of drawdown -- Leaky, unconfined and bounded aquifer systems -- Tracer tests -- Geophysical methods -- Remote sensing methods -- Groundwater modeling -- 8. Groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology -- Water quality standards -- Water hardness -- Irrigation water quality -- Transport of contaminants in groundwater -- Reactive dissolved contaminants -- Non-aqueous phase liquids -- Hydrophobic sorption -- Density and heterogeneity -- Urban and industrial contaminants -- Municipal landfill, domestic and cemetery wastes -- Agricultural contaminants -- Saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers -- 9. Groundwater pollution remediation and protection -- Pump-and-treat -- Permeable reactive barriers -- Monitored natural attenuation -- Groundwater pollution protection strategies in industrialized countries -- Groundwater vulnerability mapping -- Source protection zones -- Risk assessment methods -- Spatial planning and groundwater protection -- Groundwater protection strategies in developing countries -- 10. Groundwater resources and environmental management -- Groundwater resources schemes -- Artificial storage and recovery schemes -- Riverbank filtration schemes -- Horizontal well schemes -- Wetland hydrogeology -- Climate change and groundwater resources -- Appendices : Conversion factors -- The geological timescale -- Symbols, atomic numbers and atomic weights -- Composition of seawater and rainwater -- Drinking water quality standards and Lists I and II substances. |
