Aquaporin Protein Structure and Selectivity Mechanisms -- Discovery of the Aquaporins and Development of the Field -- The AQP Structure and Functional Implications -- Dynamics and Energetics of Permeation Through Aquaporins. What Do We Learn from Molecular Dynamics Simulations? -- In Vitro Analysis and Modification of Aquaporin Pore Selectivity -- Aquaporin Function in Mammalian Water Homeostasis -- Aquaporins in the Kidney -- Regulation of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking -- Role of Aquaporin-4 in Cerebral Edema and Stroke -- Aquaporins as Potential Drug Targets for Meniere's Disease and its Related Diseases -- Aquaporins in Secretory Glands and their Role in Sjögren's Syndrome -- Aquaporin Glycerol Permeability in Mammalian Physiology -- Skin Aquaporins: Function in Hydration, Wound Healing, and Skin Epidermis Homeostasis -- Function of Aquaporin-7 in the Kidney and the Male Reproductive System -- Role of Aquaporin-7 and Aquaporin-9 in Glycerol Metabolism; Involvement in Obesity -- New Members of Mammalian Aquaporins: AQP10-AQP12 -- Aquaporin Functions Apart from Water and Glycerol Transport -- Structural Function of MIP/Aquaporin 0 in the Eye Lens; Genetic Defects Lead to Congenital Inherited Cataracts -- pH Regulated Anion Permeability of Aquaporin-6 -- Aquaglyceroporins and Metalloid Transport: Implications in Human Diseases -- Ammonia and Urea Permeability of Mammalian Aquaporins -- Knock-Out Models Reveal New Aquaporin Functions -- Towards Therapeutic Use of Aquaporins -- Design, Synthesis and Assaying of Potential Aquaporin Inhibitors -- Aquaporin-1 Gene Transfer to Correct Radiation-Induced Salivary Hypofunction. The aquaporin field has matured at an exceptionally fast pace and we are at the verge to develop serious strategies to therapeutically modulate aquaporin function directly or via regulatory networks. Key prerequisites are available today: i. a considerable (and growing) number of aquaporin crystal structures for the rational design of inhibitory molecules, ii. elaborate molecular dynamics simulation techniques for theoretical analyses of selectivity mechanisms and docking experiments, iii. comprehensive data on aquaporin immunohistochemistry, iv. aquaporin knockout animals for physiological studies, and v. assay systems for compound library screenings. The structure of this volume on aquaporins follows the points laid out above and thus covers the developments from basic research to potential pharmacological use. Situated between pharmacology textbooks and recent scientific papers this book provides a timely overview for readers from the fundamental as well as the applied disciplines.