Main Title |
Water-related environmental effects in fuel conversion / |
Author |
Gold, Harris. ;
Goldstein, David J.
|
Other Authors |
|
CORP Author |
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development.; United States. Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.); Water Purification Associates. |
Publisher |
The Office ; Available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, |
Year Published |
1978 |
Report Number |
EPA-600/7-78-197b; EPA-68-03-2207 |
Stock Number |
PB-288 874 |
OCLC Number |
07054627 |
Subjects |
Synthetic fuels industry--Water-supply ;
Synthetic fuels industry--Environmental aspects ;
Synthetic fuels industry--Environmental aspects ;
Synthetic fuels industry--Water-supply
|
Additional Subjects |
Synthetic fuels industry--Water-supply ;
Synthetic fuels industry--Environmental aspects ;
Water pollution control ;
Coal gasification ;
Oil shale ;
Water consumption ;
Tables(Data) ;
Process charting ;
Cost analysis ;
Comparison ;
Performance evaluation ;
Energy consumption ;
Sites ;
Industrial plants ;
Coal liquefaction ;
Water costs ;
Water quality ;
Numerical solutions ;
Solvent refined coal ;
Synthoil process ;
Hygas process ;
Synthane process ;
Lurgi process
|
Internet Access |
|
Holdings |
Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last Modified |
Checkout Status |
EJED |
EPA 600/7-78-197b |
|
OCSPP Chemical Library/Washington,DC |
01/01/1988 |
EKBD |
EPA-600/7-78-197b |
|
Research Triangle Park Library/RTP, NC |
08/25/2000 |
ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 600-7-78-197b |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
ELBD |
EPA 600-7-78-197b |
|
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
04/25/1998 |
ESAD |
EPA 600-7-78-197B |
|
Region 10 Library/Seattle,WA |
03/23/2010 |
NTIS |
PB-288 874 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
Collation |
v. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. |
Abstract |
The report gives results of an examination of water-related effects that can be expected from siting conversion plants in the major U.S. coal and oil shale bearing regions. Ninety plant-site combinations were studied: 48 in the Central and Eastern U.S. and 42 in the Western. Synthetic fuel technologies examined include: coal gasification to convert coal to pipeline gas; coal liquefaction to convert coal to low sulfur fuel oil; coal refining to produce a de-ashed, low-sulfur solvent refined (clean) coal; and oil shale retorting to produce synthetic crude. Results presented include the range of water requirements, conditions for narrowing the range and optimizing the use of water, ranges of residual solid wastes, and cost and energy requirements for wastewater treatment. A comparison of water requirements with those of two recently published studies shows widely varying estimates and emphasizes the need for both site- and design-specific calculations. A review of various combinations of cooling requirements indicates a factor of 4 difference in water consumption across all processes studied. Where water costs < 25 cents/1000 gal, a high degree of wet cooling appears best. If > $1.50/1000 gal, a minimum of wet cooling should be considered. Between these, a more balanced mix needs to be reviewed. All water requirements of this study are based on complete water re-use; i.e., no direct water discharge to streams or rivers. |
Notes |
"Water Purification Associates." "October 1978." Includes bibliographical references. "Contract no. 68-03-2207." |
Contents Notes |
v. 2. Appendices. |