| Abstract |
The establishment of generally accepted methods for characterizing geothermal emissions has been hampered by the independent natures of both geothermal industrial development and sampling/analysis procedures despite three workshops on the latter (Las Vegas 1975, 1977, 1980). An independent study of the field has resulted in a compilation of the best methods for sampling, preservation and analysis of potential pollutants from geothermally fueled electric power plants. These methods have been selected as the most usable over the range of application commonly experienced in the various geothermal plant sample locations. In addition to plant and well piping, techniques for sampling cooling towers, ambient gases, solids, surface and subsurface waters are described. Emphasis is placed on the use of sampling probes to extract samples from heterogeneous flows. Where possible, analytical methods capable of reaching 'aquatic life criteria' sensitivities are described. This series of techniques is best if applied, or directly monitored, by one person to optimize consistent use and interpretation. Certain sampling points, constituents and phases of plant operation are more amenable to quality assurance improvement in the emission measurements than others and are so identified. |
