Chapter 1 Elements of Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory -- Chapter 2 Microscale Conservation Principles -- Chapter 3 Microscale Thermodynamics -- Chapter 4 Microscale Equilibrium Conditions -- Chapter 5 Microscale Closure for a Fluid Phase -- Chapter 6 Macroscale Conservation Principles -- Chapter 7 Macroscale Thermodynamics -- Chapter 8 Evolution Equations -- Chapter 9 Single-Fluid-Phase Flow -- Chapter 10 Single-Fluid-Phase Species Transport -- Chapter 11 Two-Phase Flow -- Chapter 12 Modeling Approach and Extensions -- Appendix A Considerations on Calculus of Variations -- Appendix B Derivations of Averaging Theorems -- Appendix C Constrained Entropy Inequality Derivations -- Index. Thermodynamically constrained averaging theory provides a consistent method for upscaling conservation and thermodynamic equations for application in the study of porous medium systems. The method provides dynamic equations for phases, interfaces, and common curves that are closely based on insights from the entropy inequality. All larger scale variables in the equations are explicitly defined in terms of their microscale precursors, facilitating the determination of important parameters and macroscale state equations based on microscale experimental and computational analysis. The method requires that all assumptions that lead to a particular equation form be explicitly indicated, a restriction which is useful in ascertaining the range of applicability of a model as well as potential sources of error and opportunities to improve the analysis.