Modelization of Evolution -- Rate of Adaptation of Large Populations -- A Phylogenetic Mixture Model for Heterotachy -- Concepts in Evolutionary Biology -- Accelerated Evolution of Genes of Recent Origin -- Life-Cycle Features of Tumour Cells -- General Evolutionary Regularities of Organic and Social Life -- Old and New Concepts in EvoDevo -- Knowledge -- Overturning the Prejudices about Hydra and Metazoan Evolution -- The Search for the Origin of Cnidarian Nematocysts in Dinoflagellates -- Applied Evolutionary Biology -- A Possible Relationship Between the Phylogenetic Branch Lengths and the Chaetognath rRNA Paralog Gene Functionalities: Ubiquitous, Tissue-Specific or Pseudogenes -- Mode and Tempo of matK: Gene Evolution and Phylogenetic Implications -- Phylogeography and Conservation of the Rare South African Fruit Chafer Ichnestoma stobbiai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) -- Nothing in Medicine Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution: A Review -- An Overview of Evolutionary Biology Concepts for Functional Annotation: Advances and Challenges. Every biological system is the outcome of its evolution; therefore, the deciphering of its evolutionary history is of tremendous importance to understand the biology of a system. Since 1997 scientists of different disciplines have held an annual "Evolutionary Biology Meeting" at Marseille (France) in order to discuss their research developments, exchange ideas and start collaborations. Consisting of the most representative talks of the 11th meeting, this book provides an up-to-date overview of evolutionary concepts and how these concepts can be applied to a better understanding of various biological aspects. It is divided into the following four parts: Modelization of Evolution - Concepts in Evolutionary Biology - Knowledge - Applied Evolutionary Biology. This book is an invaluable source of information not only for evolutionary biologists, but also for biologists in general.