Includes bibliographical references (pages 136-142).

This paper has three main objectives: first, to present a pragmatic guide for improving health through discrete local programs which are supplements but not alternatives to national health measures; second, to help detect, through the preparation of the environmental health component, needs for more extensive efforts and accordingly alert the appropriate health authorities; and third, to contribute to a realistic assessment of what an environmental health component can achieve. The paper also provides reference material, written for those without training in health, of twenty six of the most serious diseases that pertain to water, sanitation and urban development projects.