Includes bibliographical references.

Preface -- Abbreviations -- Summary -- 1: Introduction -- Regulatory Requirements -- Toxicity Testing -- Challenges to Toxicity Testing and Assessment -- Committee's Task and Approach -- Organization of the Report -- References -- 2: Animal and In Vitro Toxicity Testing -- Toxicity Testing Characterized by Exposure Duration -- Toxicity Testing Characterized by Specific End Point -- Mechanistic Testing: Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Studies -- References -- 3: Human Data -- Clinical or Controlled-Exposure Studies -- Case Reports -- Epidemiologic Studies -- Use of Human Data for Regulatory Analyses -- Challenges to the Advancement of Epidemiology -- Contributions of Emerging Fields to Epidemiology -- References -- 4: Strategies for Toxicity Testing -- Types of Toxicity-Testing Strategies -- Toxicity-Testing Strategies for Pesticides and Food Additives -- Toxicity-Testing Strategies for Screening of Industrial Chemicals -- Strategies for Screening Chemicals for Effects on Specific Systems and End Points -- Committee Observations on Toxicity-Testing Strategies -- References -- 5: Use of Data in Human Health Risk Assessment -- Noncancer Risk-Assessment Guidance -- Cancer Risk-Assessment Guidance -- Committee Observations Concerning Toxicity Data Available for Risk Assessment -- References -- 6: New Approaches -- Approaches for Improving Existing Toxicity-Testing Strategies -- Committee Evaluation of Suggested Improvements in Testing Strategies -- References -- 7: Alternative Approaches and Emerging Technologies -- Alternatives to Current Animal-Testing Approaches -- Emerging Technologies -- Validation -- References -- APPENDIXES -- Appendix A Biographic Information on the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents.