In 2002 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) New Delhi Mission initiated the Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) program in India to help Indian policymakers identify, evaluate, and eventually implement a variety of mitigation opportunities with local and global cobenefits. The Hyderabad-based project aimed to develop analytical tools and an analytical framework for quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions, and assessing the associated public health benefits from reducing local pollutant concentrations through integrated clean energy strategies. In addition to generating a first-ever emissions inventory of all reported combustion sources in the Hyderabad Urban Development Area (HUDA), the team quantified the emissions reductions from several clean-fuel mitigation scenarios. The IES team also: Prepared a greenhouse gas inventory of all reported fuel combustion sources in HUDA for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); Quantified the public health benefits of future mitigation scenarios, as measured by reductions in air pollution-based morbidity and mortality; Estimated the value of those human health benefits; and Compiled a cost/benefit analysis to estimate the financial implications of the different mitigation measures.