| Main Title |
Modeling the cost and performance of lithium-ion batteries for electric-drive vehicles : final report / |
| CORP Author |
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Transportation and Air Quality.; Argonne National Lab., IL. |
| Publisher |
Assessment and Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, |
| Year Published |
2012 |
| Report Number |
EPA-420-R-12-023 |
| Stock Number |
PB2014-100045 |
| OCLC Number |
865580310 |
| Subjects |
Electric vehicles--Batteries--Evaluation
|
| Additional Subjects |
Hybrid electric powered vehicles ;
Electric batteries ;
Cost analysis ;
Automotive transportation ;
Capacity ;
Design ;
Lithium batteries ;
Manufacturing ;
Performance ;
Prices ;
Production ;
Simulation
|
| Internet Access |
|
| Holdings |
| Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last
Modified |
Checkout
Status |
| ELCD |
EPA 420-R-12-023 |
PDF file on file |
NVFEL Library/Ann Arbor, MI |
12/23/2013 |
| NTIS |
PB2014-100045 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
| Collation |
1 online resource (xviii, 95 pages) : color illustrations |
| Abstract |
This report details the Battery Performance and Cost model (BatPaC) developed at Argonne National Laboratory for lithium-ion battery packs used in automotive transportation. The model designs the battery for a specified power, energy, and type of vehicle battery. The cost of the designed battery is then calculated by accounting for every step in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process. The assumed annual production level directly affects each process step. The total cost to the original equipment manufacturer calculated by the model includes the materials, manufacturing, and warranty costs for a battery produced in the year 2020. At the time this report is written, this calculation is the only publically available model that performs a bottom-up lithium-ion battery design and cost calculation. The purpose of the report is to document the equations and assumptions from which the model has been created. A user of the model will be able to recreate the calculations and perhaps more importantly, understand the driving forces for the results. Instructions for use and an illustration of model results are also presented. Almost every variable in the calculation may be changed by the user to represent a system different from the default values pre-entered into the program. The distinct advantage of using a bottom-up cost and design model is that the entire power-to-energy space may be traversed to examine the correlation between performance and cost. The BatPaC model accounts for the physical limitations of the electrochemical processes within the battery. Thus, unrealistic designs are penalized in energy density and cost, unlike cost models based on linear extrapolations. Additionally, the consequences on cost and energy density from changes in cell capacity, parallel cell groups, and manufacturing capabilities are easily assessed with the model. |
| Notes |
Title from PDF title screen (viewed December 19, 2013). "Submitted July 15, 2011." "August 2012." Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-95). "EPA-420-R-12-023." Contract Number: contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 |
