Includes bibliographical references and index.

Framework for evaluating responses -- Assessment of past and current responses -- Synthesis and lessons learned. Response options and strategies -- MA conceptual framework -- Typology of responses -- Assessing responses -- Recognizing uncertainties in evaluating responses -- Biodiversity -- Food and ecosystems -- Freshwater ecosystem services -- Wood, fuelwood, and non-wood forest products -- Nutrient management -- Waste management, processing, and detoxification -- Flood and storm control -- Ecosystems and vector-borne disease control -- Climate change -- Cultural services -- Integrated responses -- Consequences and options for human health -- Consequences of responses of human well-being and poverty reduction -- Choosing responses -- Implications for achieving the millennium development goals.