Stating the Problem -- Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, and Quality -- Biogeochemical Cycles -- Reconstructing Environmental Changes over the Last 3 Million Years -- Environmental History: Object of Study and Methodology -- Human Environmental History Since the Origin of Agriculture -- Recent Developments and Trends -- Principles and Methods -- General Principles -- Specific Principles -- Social Science and Environmental Behaviour -- The Natural Environment -- Analytical Tools for the Environment-Economy Interaction -- Analysis of Physical Interactions Between the Economy and the Environment -- Environmental Policy Instruments -- Environmental Institutions and Learning: Perspectives from the Policy Sciences -- Technology for Environmental Problems -- Integration -- Environmental Modelling -- An Illustration of the LCA Technique -- Integrated Assessment -- Context and Perspectives -- Environmental Policies in Their Cultural and Historical Contexts -- National Policy Styles and Waste Management in The Netherlands and Bavaria -- Land Use in Zimbabwe and Neighbouring Southern African Countries -- Climate Change Policy of Germany, UK and USA -- Technical Progress, Finite Resources and Intergenerational Justice -- Sustainability is an Objective Value -- A Rejoinder to Wilfred Beckerman and Herman Daly -- Transitions to Sustainability as Societal Innovations -- Agriculture and Food Problems -- Tracing the Sustainable Development of Nations with Integrated Indicators. Principles of Environmental Sciences provides a comprehensive picture of the principles, concepts and methods that are applicable to problems originating from the interaction between the living and non-living environment and mankind. Both the analysis of such problems and the way solutions to environmental problems may work in specific societal contexts are addressed. Disciplinary approaches are discussed but there is a focus on multi- and interdisciplinary methods. A large number of practical examples and case studies are presented. There is special emphasis on modelling and integrated assessment. This book is different because it stresses the societal, cultural and historical dimensions of environmental problems. The main objective is to improve the ability to analyse and conceptualise environmental problems in context and to make readers aware of the value and scope of different methods. The authors contributing to Principles of Environmental Sciences come from several countries and a wide variety of scientific backgrounds in the fields of natural and social sciences, and the humanities. This book will be ideal as a course text for students, and will also be of interest to researchers and consultants in the environmental sciences.