Description based on printed copy of PDF document. Bibliography: pp. 39-42.

"Recent concerns over declining biodiversity, both in terms of individual species and ecosystems, has led many federal, state and private land managers to seek new alternatives to land management. One such alternative has been the implementation of ecosystem management programs across the county. The most significant difference between ecosystem management and previous land management programs is the emphasis on landscapes rather than forest stands or individually owned tracts of land. Furthermore, ecosystem management strives to identify the appropriate mix of ecological, social and econimic objectives within a landscape. In response to these recent changes in land management objectives, Boise Cascade Corporation initiated three ecosystem management demonstration projects in central Idaho, central Washington, and northern Minnesota. The objectives of these projects were to develop scientifically credible tools and methodologies to implement an ecosystem management process (Haufler et al. 1996) on each of their respective landscapes." Overview, p. 1.