For more than two decades, there has been growing concern over the environmental implications of development. There is evidence that the mismanagement of renewable resources has been widespread as populations have increased and countries have tried to cope with the imperative need to promote economic growth. This report analyzes the results of 355 agriculture and forestry projects in the tropics which have been completed. Further, it examines the findings in the case studies of 12 countries. These countries represent the three principal tropical ecologic zones. Specifically the report consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the findings of PPARs, PCRs and IERs on resource management issues. Chapters 2 through 4 summarize the main findings of the 12 case studies of countries. Chapter 5 examines the Bank's role in identifying and dealing with policy issues affecting resource management. Chapter 6 discusses the opportunities and constraints that exist if the Bank is to address resource management issues more effectively.