This State of Technology Review Report was developed to serve as the basis for discussion at a Technology Forum on Condition Assessment of Water Transmission and Distribution Systems that was held on September 9 and 10, 2008, at Edison, NJ. It was distributed to the Forum participants for review in advance of the meeting. The Forum and State of Technology Review Report focused on ferrous water mains, which represent two thirds of the installed network. The State of Technology Review Report covers transmission and distribution pipelines with diameters larger than 4 in., but does not include appurtenances or service connections. Comments received have been considered and incorporated, where applicable, into the final document. The State of Technology Review Report summarizes the current state of the ferrous pipes in the water network, their defects and causes of failure, and the state of condition assessment technologies. It also discusses current barriers to effective use of condition assessment, prospects for short-term and long-term improvement, key performance and cost improvement areas, approaches for measuring success, potential roles of government in accelerating development and acceptance of innovative condition assessment technologies, and approaches for getting utilities to accept effective, innovative technologies and procedures.