"TRB Special Report 319 analyzes the ways that innovative transportation services--including ridesharing, carsharing, bikesharing, and microtransit--are changing mobility for millions of travelers. Such services could reduce congestion and emissions from surface transportation if regulated wisely to encourage concurrent, instead of sequential, ridesharing. Rapidly growing transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, however, are disrupting conventional taxi and limousine services and are raising policy challenges related to personal security and public safety, insurance requirements, employment and labor issues, and accessibility and equity. The committee's report offers guidance to state and local officials responsible for policy setting and regulation of for-hire transportation services in each of these areas. The report also addresses the need for greater consistency in regulations across jurisdictions and calls for TNCs to share more information about the volume, the frequency, and the types of trips they are providing, to allow for informed regulation and planning of transportation services"--Provided by publisher. Introduction -- Study scope and approach -- Report structure -- Trends and context -- Effects of technology on transportation -- The new mobility services -- Current use of shared mobility services -- Impacts of the new services -- Conclusion -- Taxis, regulation, and the rise of transportation network companies -- Taxi regulation -- TNC growth and regulation -- Effects on incumbent firms -- Conclusion -- An economic framework for regulation of shared mobility services -- The economic benefits and costs of shared mobility -- The economics of mobility for hire -- Conclusion -- Labor and employment issues -- Compensation -- The shift from full-time employment -- Working conditions -- Employment status -- Conclusion -- Personal security and public safety -- Personal security -- Public safety -- Bikeshare safety -- Conclusion -- Insurance -- Insurance requirements for taxis -- Insurance requirements for TNCs -- Hybrid insurance policies -- Carsharing -- Bikesharing and microtransit -- Conclusion -- Equity and access -- Dimensions of equity -- Intergroup equity issues -- Conclusion -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Research needs -- Concluding observations.