Section 301(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) directs EPA to periodically review and revise, if necessary, effluent limitations guidelines and standards promulgated under CWA Sections 301, 304, and 306. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been identified as a major source of nutrients impairing surface water and ground water in the United States; therefore, EPA is revising the existing effluent guidelines for CAFOs. For beef, dairy, heifer, veal, swine, chicken, and turkey animal feeding operations, EPA collected data on the amount of manure and wastewater produced, the pollution control and management practices in place, and current land-application practices at the operations. Based on these data, EPA identified new regulatory requirements to be imposed on concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) through revision of the effluent guidelines and standards. This report describes the methodology used to estimate engineering compliance costs (in 1997 dollars) associated with installing and operating the various technologies and practices that make up the 10 regulatory options considered for beef, dairy, heifer, veal, swine, chicken, and turkey operations. The technologies described in this report were used to estimate compliance costs, but are not necessarily mandated by the rule. In practice, a facility may choose a different waste management system to meet the requirements of the rule. Section 1.1 describes the regulatory options considered for CAFOs, Section 1.2 discusses the development of model farms used to determine compliance costs for each option, Section 1.3 defines key terms used throughout this report, and Section 1.4 presents the overall organization of the report.

"EPA 821-R-03-004." "December 2002." "Office of Water." Includes bibliographical references.