The report is a comprehensive study of the technical feasibility, costs, and benefits of controlling pH within the range of 6 to 9 at all times. In Section 2 of the report, the nature of pH is discussed and its extreme sensitivity in unbuffered water and effluent is presented. The concept of buffering is introduced and a brief history of pH regulations is given. In Section 3, the effect of pH in waterways on organisms is examined and various sources of pH change are placed in perspective within industrial discharges. In Section 4, the most advanced methods of pH control and the limitations of these systems for industrial effluent pH control are discussed.