Includes bibliographical references and index.

Machine generated contents note: 1.Nonlinear Behavior of Heavy Metals in Soils: Mobility and Bioavailability / H. Magdi Selim -- 2.Nonequilibrium Transport of Heavy Metals in Soils: Physical and Chemical Processes / Hua Zhang -- 3.Chemical Equilibrium and Reaction Modeling of Arsenic and Selenium in Soils / Sabine Goldberg -- 4.Heavy Metal and Selenium Distribution and Bioavailability in Contaminated Sites: A Tool for Phytoremediation / G. Petruzzelli -- 5.Colloid-Associated Transport and Metal Speciation at Reclaimed Mine Sites Following Biosolid Application / J. O. Miller -- 6.Trace Element Biogeochemistry in the Rhizosphere / Jakob Santner -- 7.Heavy Metals in Agricultural Watersheds: Nonpoint Source Contamination / Moustafa A. Elrashidi -- 8.Heavy Metals Transformation in Wetlands / Dong-Cheol Seo -- 9.Factors Controlling the Dynamics of Trace Metals in Frequently Flooded Soils / Gijs Du Laing -- 10.Heavy Metals Forms in Biosolids, Soils, and Biosolid-Amended Soils / Christos D. Tsadilas -- Transport Equations -- Retention Models -- First-Order and Freundlich Models -- Second-Order and Langmuir -- Hysteresis -- Multiple Reaction Models -- Second-Order Models (SOMs) -- Transport in Layered Soils -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Introduction -- Equilibrium Solute Transport -- Physical Nonequilibrium -- Preferential Flow -- Matrix Diffusion -- Physical Nonequilibrium Model -- Chemical Nonequilibrium -- Kinetic Ion Exchange -- Kinetic Adsorption and Desorption -- Irreversible Retention -- Mulitreaction Model -- Multiprocess Nonequilibrium Transport -- Significance to Site Remediation -- Summary -- References -- Inorganic Chemistry of As and Se in Soil Solution -- Methylation and Volatilization Reactions -- Precipitation-Dissolution Reactions -- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions -- Adsorption-Desorption Reactions -- Modeling of Adsorption by Soils: Empirical Models -- Modeling of Adsorption by Soils: Constant Capacitance Model -- Summary -- References -- Metal Dynamics in Soil -- The Case of Selenium -- Bioavailability of Heavy Metals -- Bioavailability of Selenium -- Factors Affecting Bioavailability -- pH -- Clay Content -- Organic Matter Content -- Cation Exchange Capacity -- Redox Potential -- Iron and Manganese Oxides -- Other Factors -- Measuring Bioavailability -- Bioavailability as a Tool in Remediation Strategies -- Plant-Based Remediation of Selenium -- Remediation of Selenium through Phytoextraction by Brassica juncea -- Plant Growth -- Selenium Distribution in Vegetated Pots -- Selenium Distribution in Nonvegetated Pots -- Soil Bacterial Community -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Introduction -- Case Study -- Soil Monolith Preparation -- Bulk Soil Analysis -- Colloid Fractionation and Characterization -- In Situ Colloid Elution -- Findings -- Metal Concentrations in Bulk Samples -- Adsorption Isotherms -- Metal Elution in Virginia Monoliths -- Reclaimed Monoliths -- Spoil Monoliths -- Biosolid Monoliths -- Metal Elution in Kentucky Monoliths -- Reclaimed Monoliths -- Spoil Monoliths -- Biosolid Monoliths -- Metal Associations -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Introduction -- Biogeochemistry and Bioavailability of Trace Elements as Affected by Rhizosphere Processes -- Root-Induced Changes in Soil Water Content Affecting Trace Element Bioavailability -- Root-Induced Changes in pH -- Root-Induced Changes in Redox Conditions -- Complexation and Chelation of Trace Elements in Rhizosphere -- Recent Experimental Evidence for Rhizosphere Effects on Trace Element Solubility and Chemical Speciation -- Alleviation of Trace Element Toxicity in Rhizosphere -- Trace Element Transport and Leaching in Rhizosphere and Rootzone -- Summary -- References -- Introduction -- NRCS Technique -- Estimation of Runoff Water -- Determining Dissolved Elements in Soils and Water -- Estimating Elements Loss by Runoff -- GIS Digital Mapping -- Application of NRCS Technique -- Wagon Train Watershed -- Soil and Water Sampling -- Soil and Water Analysis -- Observed Inflow for WT Reservoir -- Case Study -- Runoff and Reservoir Inflow -- Elements in Soil and Water Phase -- Elements in Stream Water -- Elements Loss by Runoff from Soils -- Elements in Runoff and Loading -- References -- Introduction -- Metal Forms -- Metal Organic and Clay Interactions -- Redox and pH Conditions: Effects on Metal Transformation -- Chromium Wetland Soil Redox Chemistry: Sorption and Reduction of Cr6+ -- Mercury -- Sedimentation Sinks -- Metal Uptake by Wetland Plants -- Heavy Metal Localization, Translocation, and Distribution in Wetland Plants -- Heavy Metal Translocation and Distribution -- Heavy Metal Release by Wetland Plants -- Toxicological Effects -- Plant-Sediment Relationships -- Summary -- References -- Introduction -- Redox Processes -- Change in Valence State -- Iron and Manganese -- Sulfur -- Carbonates and pH -- Adsorption and Desorption -- Salinity -- Organic Matter -- References -- Introduction -- Biosolids Management -- Benefits and Problems of Biosolids Use in Agriculture -- Legislation on Biosolids in Agricultural Use -- Heavy Metals in Soils and Sludge -- Forms of Heavy Metals in Biosolids -- Methods of Determination of Heavy Metal Forms -- Single Chemical Extraction -- Sequential Chemical Extraction -- Forms of Heavy Metals in Soils -- Heavy Metal Fractions in Biosolid-Amended Soils -- Effect of Biosolids on Forms of Heavy Metals -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments.