This economic analysis (EA) presents the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) evaluation of the incremental compliance costs and economic impacts of four options for controlling discharges of stormwater during construction and development (C&D) activities. These options are known as Option 1, Option 2, Option 3, and Option 4. Option 1 requires enhanced inspection requirements and certifications of best management practices (BMPs). Option 2 comprises technology-based effluent limitations guidelines and standards (ELG) for stormwater discharges from construction sites where 5 acres or more of land are disturbed. It also includes enhanced inspection requirements and certification of BMPs. Option 3 would not establish new regulations, but would instead continue to rely on the existing National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater regulations. Option 4 is identical to Option 2 except that the inspection and certification requirements are not included. EPA has chosen Option 3 for the Final Action in this rulemaking process. This choice results in no costs, no impacts, and no benefits to the C&D industry or the U. S. economy. This executive summary acknowledges this choice, whereas the body of the EA presents the four options without reference to this decision. The C&D industry is currently regulated under NPDES permit requirements for construction activities