One -- The coupled monsoon system -- The Asian monsoon: Global perspectives -- The Asian winter monsoon -- Two -- Synoptic systems and weather -- Intraseasonal variability -- Interannual variability of the Asian monsoon -- The Asian monsoon: Interdecadal variability -- Three -- Mesoscale processes -- Large-scale atmospheric dynamics -- Variation of the Asian monsoon water vapor budget: Interaction with the global-scale modes -- Land-atmosphere interaction -- Interactions between the Asian monsoon and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation -- Effects of the Tibetan Plateau -- Four -- Seasonal climate prediction of Indian summer monsoon -- Dynamic seasonal prediction and predictability of the monsoon -- Five -- Extending the historical record by proxy -- Asian monsoons in the future -- The Asian monsoon - agriculture and economy. Satellite observations and computing technology have advanced our understanding of the monsoon climate enormously in the last two decades. The author provides an update of the knowledge gained over this period, presenting the modern morphology and the physical principles of monsoon climate variation on all time scales ranging from intraseasonal to tectonic time scales. He brings new ideas that can be expected to markedly improve the prediction of monsoon climate, and includes contributions by experts who expand our understanding of the monsoon environment by their study of paleoclimate records, who present evidence of human influences on monsoon climate, and who describe the links of the monsoon to the economy and to human health. This is a comprehensive interdisciplinary text book summarizing new knowledge of Asian monsoon climate variability, dynamics, modeling, and prediction from intraseasonal to geological time scales, and human influence and its links to environmetal/economic issues.