Recent studies have shown that with the variation in salinity in Chesapeake Bay waters, both nitrogen and phosphorus play critical roles in nutrient enrichment. Both must be included in an effective nutrient control strategy for the Bay. The emphasis on the particular nutrient of primary concern will depend upon the time of the year of a release and the segment of the estuary most directly affected by the discharge and delivery. In addition, advances in nutrient removal can now be considered as a viable economic and technical strategy in nutrient control.