This volume presents the results of studies of the U.S. primary and secondary non-ferrous smelting and refining industry. Characteristics of each industry sector, including plant locations, production capacities, and smelting and refining processes, have been identified and described. Land-disposed or stored residuals, including slags, dusts, and sludges have been identified and characterized for physical and chemical properties. Current methods employed by the primary metals industry for the disposal or storage of process and pollution control residuals on land are described. Principal methods include lagoon storage of sludges and open dumping of slags. Methods of residual treatment and disposal considered suitable for adequate health and environmental protection have been provided. Finally, the costs incurred by typical plants in each primary smelting and refining category for current and environmentally sound potentially hazardous residual disposal or storage on land have been estimated.

OCLC# 49522116