Part I: General characteristics of the hilly region of middle and lower Yangtze River -- Ecological and environmental characteristics in the hilly region of middle and lower Yangtze River -- Part II: Development and application of soil loss models for soil loss prediction in the Shangshe catchment, Dabie Mountains, China -- Calculation of water and sediment discharge using an integral calculus method -- Development of the GOIUG model with a focus on the influence of land use in the Shangshe catchment -- GIS-based ER-USLE model to predict soil loss in cultivated land -- Development and test of GIS based FUSLE model in sub-catchments of Chinese fir forest and pine forest in the Dabie Mountains, China -- Spatial Variability of Soil Erodibility (K-Factor) at a Catchment Scale in Nanjing, China -- Application of a GIS-based revised FER-USLE model in the Shangshe catchment -- Part III:Practices of soil erosion control in eastern China -- Theory of vegetation reconstruction for various management types with different site conditions -- Models of reforestation for soil erosion control in the hilly region of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River -- Effect of afforestation on soil and water conservation -- A study on plant roots and soil anti-scourability in the Shangshe catchment, Dabie mountains of Anhui Province, China -- Social and economic benefits of forest reconstruction -- Index. In recent decades in eastern China there has been great progress towards ecological restoration through reforestation of bare lands and steeply sloping cultivated land suffering from serious erosion. This book introduces several soil loss control models suitable for land use strategies along with many techniques of reforestation with a focus on improving the living standards of farmers. These strategies include "local recycling," which combines the use of trees (fruit trees, herb, bamboo), crops for feeding livestock, use of animal wastes for biogas and fertilizer, fish production, and a "large scale recycling," fostering the interaction between the countryside of the mountainous areas and the urban areas in the lower elevations. The "local recycling" can alleviate poverty for farmers and provide fuel material that replaces dependence on twigs and tree litter, which in turn protects the reforested young trees from being harmed. The "large scale recycling" creates a more harmonious society and promotes the common health and wealth of the countryside and the city. This book presents the most comprehensive and successful models of reforestation in eastern China.