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RECORD NUMBER: 5 OF 8

Main Title Water distribution modeling /
Author Walski, Thomas M.
Other Authors
Author Title of a Work
Chase, Donald V.
Savic, Dragan,
Publisher Haestad Press,
Year Published 2001
OCLC Number 47147130
ISBN 0965758044; 9780965758048
Subjects Water--Distribution--Mathematical models ; Trinkwasserversorgung--(DE-588)4193371-0 ; Wasserleitung--(DE-588)4064751-1 ; Wasserverteilung--(DE-588)4265569-9 ; Water Supply ; Models, Statistical
Holdings
Library Call Number Additional Info Location Last
Modified
Checkout
Status
EIAM  TD481.W3424 2001 Region 2 Library/New York,NY 07/23/2019
Edition 1st ed.
Collation xv, 441 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
Notes
Includes bibliographical references (pages 413-428) and index.
Contents Notes
CD-ROM contains: WaterCAD software -- Exercise-examination booklet. Introduction to Water Distribution Modeling -- 1.1 Anatomy of a Water Distribution System -- Sources of Potable Water -- Customers of Potable Water -- Transport Facilities -- 1.2 What is a Water Distribution System Simulation? -- 1.3 Applications of Water Distribution Models -- Long-Range Master Planning -- Rehabilitation -- Fire Protection Studies -- Water Quality Investigations -- Energy Management -- Daily Operations -- 1.4 The Modeling Process -- 1.5 A Brief History of Water Distribution Technology -- 1.6 What Next? -- 1.6 References -- Modeling Theory. 2.1 Fluid Properties -- Density and Specific Weight -- Viscosity -- Fluid Compressibility -- Vapor Pressure -- 2.2 Fluid Statics and Dynamics -- Static Pressure -- Velocity and Flow Regime -- 2.3 Energy Concepts -- Energy Losses -- 2.4 Friction Losses -- Darcy-Weisbach -- Hazen-Williams -- Manning Equation -- Comparison of Friction Loss Methods -- 2.5 Minor Losses -- Valve Coefficient -- Equivalent Pipe Length -- 2.6 Resistance Coefficients -- Darcy-Weisbach -- Hazen-Williams -- Manning -- Minor Losses -- 2.7 Energy Gains: Pumps -- Pump Head-Discharge Relationship -- System Head Curves -- Pump Operating Point -- Other Uses of Pump Curves -- 2.8 Network Hydraulics -- Conservation of Mass -- Conservation of Energy -- Solving Network Problems -- 2.9 Water Quality Modeling -- Transport in Pipes -- Mixing at Nodes -- Mixing in Tanks -- Chemical Reaction Terms -- Other Types of Water Quality Simulations -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Assembling a Model. 3.1 Maps and Records -- System Maps -- Topographic Maps -- As-Built Drawings -- Electronic Maps and Records -- 3.2 Model Representation -- Network Elements -- Network Topology -- 3.3 Reservoirs -- 3.4 Tanks -- 3.5 Junctions -- Junction Elevation -- 3.6 Pipes -- Length -- Diameter -- Minor Losses -- 3.7 Pumps -- Pump Characteristic Curves -- Model Representation -- 3.8 Valves -- Isolation Valves -- Directional Valves -- Altitude Valves -- Air Release Valves and Vacuum Breaking Valves -- Control Valves -- Valve Books -- 3.9 Controls (Switches) -- Pipe Controls -- Pump Controls -- Regulating Valve Controls -- Indicators of Control Settings -- 3.10 Types of Simulations -- Steady-State Simulation -- Extended Period Simulation -- Other Types of Simulations -- 3.11 Skeletonization -- Skeletonization Example -- Skeletonization Guidelines -- Elements of High Importance -- Elements of Unknown Importance -- Skeletonization Conclusions -- 3.12 Model Maintenance -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Water Consumption. 4.1 Baseline Demands -- Data Sources -- Spatial Allocation of Demands -- Categorizing Demands -- Mass Balance Technique -- Unaccounted-for Water -- 4.2 Demand Multipliers -- Peaking Factors -- 4.3 Time-Varying Demands -- Diurnal Curves -- Developing System-Wide Diurnal Curves -- Developing Customer Diurnal Curves -- Defining Usage Patterns Within a Model -- 4.4 Projecting Future Demands -- Historical Trends -- Spatial Allocation of Future Demands -- Disaggregated Projections -- 4.5 Fire Protection Demands -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Testing Water -- Distribution Systems -- 5.1 Testing Fundamentals -- Pressure Measurement -- Flow Measurement -- Potential Pitfalls in System Measurements -- 5.2 Fire Hydrant Flow Tests -- Pitot Gages and Diffusers -- Potential Problems With Fire Flow Tests -- Using Fire Flow Tests for Calibration -- 5.3 Head Loss Tests -- Two-gage Test -- Parallel-pipe Test -- Potential Problems With Head Loss Tests -- Using Head Loss Test Results for Calibration. -- 5.4 Pump Performance Tests -- Head Characteristic Curve -- Pump Efficiency Testing -- Potential Problems with Pump Performance Tests -- Using Pump Performance Test Data for Calibration -- 5.5 Water Quality Sampling -- Constituent Analysis Data Requirements -- Laboratory Testing -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Calibrating Hydraulic Network Models. 6.1 Model-Predicted vs. Field-Measured Performance -- Comparisons Based on Head -- Quality of Calibration Data -- Location of Data Collection -- 6.2 Sources of Error in Modeling -- Types of Errors -- Nominal vs. Actual Pipe Diameters -- Internal Pipe Roughness Values -- Distribution of System Demands -- System Maps -- Temporal Boundary Condition Changes -- Model Skeletonization -- Geometric Anomalies -- Pump Characteristic Curves -- 6.3 Calibration Approaches -- Manual Calibration Approaches -- Automated Calibration Approaches -- Model Validation -- 6.4 EPS Model Calibration -- Parameters for Adjustment -- Calibration Problems -- Calibration Using Tracers -- Energy Studies -- 6.5 Calibration of Water Quality Models -- Source Concentrations -- Initial Conditions -- Wall Reaction Coefficients -- 6.6 Acceptable Levels of Calibration -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Using Models for Water Distribution System Design. 7.1 Applying Models to Design Applications -- Extent of Calibration and Skeletonization -- Design Flow -- Reliability Considerations -- Key Roles in Design Using a Model -- Types of Modeling Applications -- Use of Optimization in System Design -- 7.2 Identifying and Solving Common -- Distribution System Problems -- Undersized Piping -- Inadequate Pumping -- Consistent Low Pressure -- High Pressures During Low Demand Conditions. -- Oversized Piping -- 7.3 Pumped Systems -- Pumping into a Closed System with No Pressure Control Valve -- Pumping into a Closed System with Pressure Control Variable-speed Pumps -- Pumping into a System with a Storage Tank -- Pumping into Closed System with Pumped Storage -- Pumping into Hydropneumatic Tanks -- Well Pumping -- Pumps in Parallel -- Head Loss on Suction Side of Pump -- 7.4 Extending a System to New Customers -- Extent of Analysis -- Elevation of Customers -- Assessing an Existing System -- 7.5 Establishing Pressure Zones and Setting -- Tank Overflows -- Establishing a New Pressure Zone -- Laying Out New Pressure Zones -- Tank Overflow Elevation -- 7.6 Developing System Head Curves for Pump Selection/Evaluation -- 7.7 Serving Lower Pressure Zones -- PRV Feeding into a Dead-end Pressure Zone -- Lower Zone with a Tank -- Lower Zone Fed with Control Valves -- Conditions Upstream of the PRV or Control Valve. 7.8 Rehabilitation of Existing Systems -- Data Collection -- Modeling Existing Conditions -- Overview of Alternatives -- Evaluation -- 7.9 Tradeoffs Between Energy and Capital Costs -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Modeling Customer -- Systems -- 8.1 Modeling Water Meters -- 8.2 Backflow Preventers -- 8.3 Representing the Utility's Portion of the Distribution System -- 8.4 Customer Demands -- Commercial Demands for Proposed Systems -- 8.5 Sprinkler Design -- Starting Point for Model -- Sprinkler Hydraulics -- Approximating Sprinkler Hydraulics -- Piping Design -- Fire Sprinklers -- Irrigation Sprinklers -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Operations. 9.1 The Role of Models in Operations -- 9.2 Low Pressure Problems -- Identifying the Problem -- Modeling Low Pressures -- Finding Closed Valves -- Solving Low Pressure Problems -- 9.3 Low Fire Flow Problems -- Identifying the Problem -- Solutions to Low Fire Flow -- 9.4 Adjusting Pressure Zone Boundaries -- 9.5 Taking a Tank Off-Line -- Fire Flows -- Low Demand Problems -- 9.6 Shutting Down a Section of the System -- Representing a Shutdown -- Simulating the Shutdown -- 9.7 Power Outages -- Modeling Power Outages -- Duration of an Outage -- 9.8 Power Consumption -- Determining Pump Operating Points -- Calculating Energy Costs -- Multiple Distinct Operating Points -- Continuously Varying Pump Flow -- Developing a Curve Relating Flow to Efficiency -- Variable-Speed Pumps -- Using Pump Energy Data -- Understanding Rate Structures -- 9.9 Water Distribution System Flushing -- Modeling Flushing -- Representing a Flowed Hydrant -- Hydrant Location Relative to Nodes -- Steady-State vs. EPS Runs -- Indicators of Successful Flushing -- 9.10 Sizing Distribution System Meters -- Subsystem Metering -- Using Models for Meter Sizing -- Implications for Meter Selection -- 9.11 Models for Investigation of System Contamination -- 9.12 Leakage Control -- Discussion Topics and Problems -- Appendix A Units and Symbols -- Appendix B Conversion Factors -- Appendix C Tables.